Augustine Scientific Laboratory

Signed in as:

filler@godaddy.com

Account

Services

Equilibrium Surface Tension

Wilhelmy Plate Method (viscosity of liquid less than 2000 mPa• s)
Wilhelmy Plate Method (viscosity of liquid greater than 2000 mPa• s)
Pendant Drop Method (density of liquid also reported)
Critical Micelle Concentration Measurements (minimum of 40 concentrations studied)
Surfactant Synergy Study (determines the optimum ratio to mix two surfactants for best performance)
Protein/Surfactant or Polymer/Surfactant Interaction Study (determines how many molecules of surfactant aggregate with each protein or polymer molecule in bulk solution)
Measurements of the Overall, Polar, and Dispersive Components of a Liquid Surface Tension (Fowkes method)

Non-Equilibrium Surface Tension

Bubble Pressure Method - Surface Tension as a Function of Surface Age (Maximum surface age range is 5 milliseconds to 50 seconds, actual available range is sample dependent; density, and equilibrium surface tension are also reported for each sample.)
Pendant Drop Method - Surface Tension as a Function of Surface Age (Surface age range is 1 second to equilibration; density of liquid also reported.)

Equilibrium Interfacial Tension

DuNouy Ring Method - ASTM D-971 (For interfacial tensions greater than 2 mN/m; densities of both liquids are also reported.)
Pendant Drop Method (For interfacial tensions as low as 0.01 mN/m; densities of both liquids are also reported.)
Critical Micelle Concentration Measurements Done by Interfacial Tension Experimentation (minimum of 40 concentrations studied)
Protein/Surfactant or Polymer/Surfactant Interaction Studies Done by Interfacial Tension Experimentation

Non-Equilibrium Interfacial Tension

Pendant Drop Method - Interfacial Tension Aversus Interface Age (Interface age range is 1 second to equilibration; density of both liquids also reported; interfacial tensions as low as 0.01 mN/m.)

Characterization of Non-Porous Solid Surfaces

Automated Goniometer Method – Wetting Angles (Equilibrium advancing (wetting) angles are reported, using a single liquid, ten droplets measured.)
Automated Goniometer Method – Dewetting Angles (Equilibrium receding (dewetting) angles are reported, using a single liquid, ten droplets measured.)
Automated Goniometer Method – Spreading Chararacteristics (Contact angle is reported as a function of time from the time of droplet placement until the contact angle equilibrates, using a single liquid; three droplets are studied)
Wilhelmy Method - Characterization of the Whole Surface (Advancing and receding angles are reported along with wetted length, using a single liquid; duplicate experiments performed. Note that the sample must be the same on both sides.)
Surface Energy – Fowkes Method (Equilibrium advancing contact angles are reported for two liquids Fowkes surface energy theory is used to determine overall, polar, and disperse components of the solid’s surface energy.)
Surface Energy – Other Methods (Priced per number of liquids studied for advancing contact angle, with application of relevant theories included.)

Characterization of Continuous Porous Solids (paper, woven fabrics, membranes, etc.)

Washburn Sorption Method for Contact Angles (Results are capillary constant for the solid, and contact angle for a single liquid, duplicate tests. Viscosity, surface tension and density of the liquid used muAst be known.)
Automated Goniometer Method – "Initial" Contact Angles (For solids which do not absorb liquid immediately, contact angles are determined about 1 second after droplet placement on the surface, using a single liquid; ten droplets are measured.)
Automated Goniometer Method – Adsorption Characteristics (Contact angle data is collected as a function of time from the time of droplet placement to equilibration (typically 0°). The contact angles reported are "apparent" angles which characterize absorbency of the solid. For a single liquid, three droplets are measured.)
Surface Energy Calculations – Various Methods (Once you pay for the necessary contact angle measurements according to fee structure provided above, there is no extra charge for applying surface energy theories to your data. The minimum number of contact angle measurements necessary for any surface energy calculation is two. Please call us to discuss what surface energy theories are most applicable to your samples.)

Characterization of Discontinuous Porous Solids

Washburn Sorption Method for Contact Angles (Results are capillary constants for "packed plugs" of the solid, and contact angles for a single liquid. Duplicate experiments are run. The viscosity, surface tension and density of the liquid used must be known.)
Automated Goniometer Method – "Initial" Contact Angles (For solids which do not absorb liquid immediately, contact angles are determined about 1 second after droplet placement on a prepared surface, using a single liquid; ten droplets are measured.)
Automated Goniometer Method – Adsorption Characteristics (Contact angle data is collected as a function of time from the time of droplet placement to equilibration (typically 0°). The contact angles reported are "apparent" angles which characterize absorbency of the solid. For a single liquid, three droplets are measured.)
Surface Energy Calculations – Various Methods (Once you pay for the necessary contact angle measurements according to fee structure provided above, there is no extra charge for applying surface energy theories to your data. The minimum number of contact angle measurements necessary for any surface energy calculation is two. Please call us to discuss what surface energy theories are most applicable to your samples.)

Surface and Interfacial Rheology Studies

Elastic and Viscous Moduli for Pre-Equilibrated Surfaces and Interfaces The experiment includes equilibration of a surface or interface, with corresponding tension versus time data, followed by multiple sinusoidal oscillations of the interface area to monitor the elastic and viscous interfacial moduli as a function of oscillation frequency. The oscillation frequencies chosen for the study will attempt to cover the spectrum from fast, (wherein the interface will act more elastic) to slow (wherein the interface will act more viscous). Data will be reported for at least 5 frequencies. Specific frequencies chosen will depend on the nature of the interface. Densities of the bulk phases involved will also be reported.]
Quantification of the Marangoni Effect Following Expansion of a Surface or Interface The experiment includes equilibration of a surface or interface with corresponding tension versus time data, followed by a rapid expansion of interface area and subsequent monitoring of interfacial tension versus time back to equilibrium.
Each experiment includes calculation of the Marangoni potential developed in the interface due to the perturbation (area under the relaxation curve), and the Marangoni half-life (time after the perturbation at which one-half of the Marangoni potential has dissipated). Densities of the bulk phases involved will also be reported.
Additional Perturbations when Purchased with the Experiment Immediately above (each)

Moisture Sorption / Desorption Studies

Water Vapor Sorption/Desorption Isotherm in 5% Relative Humidity Steps Each sample will be pre-dried to 0% RH, anAd then subjected to 5% RH steps from 0% RH to 95% RH and back to 0% RH. Kinetic and equilibrium data are reported for each RH setting. Any single temperature from 5oC to 80oC can be studied.
Water Vapor Sorption/Desorption Isotherm in 10% Relative Humidity Steps Each sample will be pre-dried to 0% RH, and then subjected to 10% RH steps from 0% RH to 90% RH and back to 0% RH. Kinetic and equilibrium data are reported for each RH setting. Any single temperature from 5oC to 80oC can be studied.
Kinetics of Drying from as Received Condition to 0% RH Any temperature from 5oC to 250oC can be chosen for drying. Temperature ramping is also available
Kinetics of Drying followed by a Single RH step Same as above for the drying stage, plus the kinetic data for one step change in RH to any RH between 1% and 95%. Any single temperature from 5oC to 80oC can beA studied.
Moisture Transfer Studies Designed particularly for polymer films and other packaging materials RH is set to near 0% on one side of the film, and you choose the RH on the other side The rate of moisture transfer at equilibrium is determined Any temperature between 5oC and 80oC can be studied.
Other Experimental Designs Also Available RH can be changed in 1% increments over the range of 1% RH to 95% RH. Temperature range is 5oC to 80oC
Other Vapors and Gases The water vapor sorption experiments discussed above are performed at atmospheric pressure. However, the instrument manufacturer, Hiden Analytical, makes other gravimetric instruments, mass spectrometers, and SIMS probes. Hiden offers laboratory services for all of the instruments it manufactures. Specifically, gravimetric sorption studies can be made from UHV to 20 bar (290 psi) and at temperatures from -196oC to 1000oC. Gases such as nitrogen, argon, methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and so on, can be studied. Adsorption/desorption isotherms for liquid vapors (such as water, alcohols, ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons) can also be studied. Augustine Scientific will be glad to help coordinate such analysis work with Hiden Analytical

Miscellaneous Services

Liquid Density Measurements (4 significant figures)
Wet Density Measurements for Dispersed Solids (3 significant figures)
Penetration Experiments (Sediments and Soft Solids)
Sedimentation A Rate (Suspensions)

Augustine
Scientific
Laboratory

Services

Equilibrium Surface Tension

Non-Equilibrium Surface Tension

Equilibrium Interfacial Tension

Non-Equilibrium Interfacial Tension

Characterization of Non-Porous Solid Surfaces

Characterization of Continuous Porous Solids (paper, woven fabrics, membranes, etc.)

Characterization of Discontinuous Porous Solids

Surface and Interfacial Rheology Studies

Moisture Sorption / Desorption Studies

Miscellaneous Services

Click here to contact us for service!

Click here to contact us for service!

Click here to contact us for service!

Click here to contact us for service!

Click here to contact us for service!

Click here to contact us for service!